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会跳舞的“茶中金镶玉”是如何炼成的？******

　　坐落于浩瀚缥缈的洞庭湖中的君山，由72座绵延起伏的山峰组成，四面环水，山上林木茂盛，常年云雾缭绕。君山物产万类，其中茶最负盛名。

　　烟波浩渺的洞庭湖畔，君山岛青山如黛，茶园叠翠，一垄垄整齐划一的茶树，犹如绿色的碧浪随风摆舞。岛上肥沃的土壤、湿润的气候与北纬30度的神奇地理位置，造就了中国十大名茶之一、黄茶之冠——君山银针。

　　今年70岁的高孝祖是君山银针茶制作技艺的市级代表性传承人，他的父亲高阳文是君山茶场建立时的第一位制茶师傅。高孝祖从12岁开始便跟随父亲学习君山银针茶的制作技艺，这一做就是一辈子。

　　“对君山银针已经有了一种特殊的情感，感觉它就像是自己的孩子一样。”聊起茶叶，高孝祖一下就打开了话匣子。他介绍，“君山银针成品的茶芽茁壮，大小很均匀，内呈橙黄色，外面包裹一层白毫，所以还有一个雅号叫‘金镶玉’。君山银针还有一大特色就是冲泡的时候会三起三落，也被称为‘会跳舞的茶’。”

　　君山银针的独特除了得益于得天独厚的地理条件，更离不开其独特的“黄茶工艺”。

　　杀青、初烘、初包、复烘、再包、足火……除了与其他茶众多共同点外，黄茶比其他茶类更为独特的是特殊工序“闷黄”。就是这近乎玄妙的“双闷”，才造就了君山银针的独特。

　　“两次闷黄的时间不一致，第一次闷黄需要48小时，第二次根据茶的状态再进行闷黄。何时加压，手法轻重，温度湿度是否合宜，茶发酵时，应该保持多少温度，开多大窗，盖多厚被子。”从事制茶技艺50多年的高孝祖说：“没有什么技巧，全是靠经验。”

　　君山银针的采摘和制作都有严格要求，每年只能在“清明”前后七天到十天采摘。“银针茶只采摘首轮单芽，也就是茶叶最顶端的部分，一个芽制成一片叶，所以很珍贵。”高孝祖介绍。

　　由于一年只采一季，君山银针茶在采摘上有着极高的要求。据高孝祖介绍，黄茶采摘奉行的是“九不采”原则：雨天不采、风霜不采、开口不采、发紫不采、空心不采、弯曲不采、虫伤不采、细瘦不采、不合尺寸不采。在这样严苛的采摘标准下，4万棵鲜嫩芽头才能制成一斤干茶。

　　尽管茶厂已经采用现代化设备，但对自己喜爱了一辈子的茶，高孝祖还是喜欢用手工制作。“我没有其他特长，不会干别的，只会制茶。机械做不出手工的味道，从原材料的选取，到杀青、烘干、摊凉、足火，每一步都是机器无法达到的。”

　　说起这些，高孝祖很是自豪。这些年高孝祖一直致力于君山银针茶手工制作技艺的传承、保护和推广。制茶五十多年，高孝祖被当地人亲切地称为“茶大师”。“我想把君山银针做得更完美，让越来越多爱上这块金字招牌。”高孝祖笑着说。（岳沛靳铃涵）

中新网评：处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******

　　中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称，将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对，企图将核污水“一倒了之”，把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。

资料图：日本福岛第一核电站。

　　2011年，福岛核电站事故发生后，大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋，对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害，数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日，作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。

　　日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由，在2021年4月13日，正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多，日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。

　　日本政府辩称，这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全，甚至“可以喝”，这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。

　　事实上，经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质，核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收，长期来看，将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁，最终危害人类健康。

　　因此，核污水排海计划推出后，遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示，福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中，约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场，反对该计划。

　　日本政府认为，核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案，但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海，核污水会随着洋流流动，其影响势必会跨越国界，危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。

　　《韩国经济新闻》发文称，相关研究认为，福岛核污水如果排放入海，约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域，该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。

　　德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告，若日本将所有核污水排入海中，不到半年，整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁，包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。

　　日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国，有义务保护海洋环境。然而，在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上，日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。

　　国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估，但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论，并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下，日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设，这是极不负责任的行为。

　　太平洋不是日本的下水道，日本必须正视各方合理关切，在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后，制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远，若只顾眼前，执意将核污水排放入海，不仅其自身，周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单，其后果必将会危害数代人。

　　Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business

　　By John Lee

　　(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.

　　Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.

　　The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.

　　On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.

　　The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.

　　In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.

　　Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.

　　The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.

　　The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.

　　The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.

　　According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.

　　As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.

　　However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.

　　Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.

　　The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.

　　If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.